Millions of healthcare providers and others trust the AHA for their lifesaving training. Training Materials. Purchase Options Learn about your options for purchasing training materials including student and Instructor materials, online courses, and more. Purchase Options. Explore Courses. Shop eBooks. The new guidelines are based on the work of eight task forces that addressed specific areas of resuscitation science: basic life support, advanced life support, acute coronary syndromes, life support for children, neonatal life support, stroke, first aid, and education.
These groups used an evidence-based approach to classify the recommendations for CPR and emergency cardiac care. The guidelines also present 12 algorithms covering the essential assessments and interventions for cardiac arrest and other life-threatening conditions. The authors of the guidelines cite some key lessons learned about CPR that helped guide formulation of the new guidelines: 1 to be effective, CPR must be started as soon as possible after a person collapses; 2 the best results with lay rescuer CPR have occurred in the presence of trained and motivated bystanders with short response times and readily available automated external defibrillators AEDs ; 3 studies have shown that even during asphyxial arrest, chest compressions alone are better than doing nothing; and 4 lay bystanders often are reluctant to perform CPR because they think that it has been made too complicated or that their training is inadequate, or they fear the transmission of disease during mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
Because CPR must be started as soon as possible to be effective, and because it often is performed poorly by both lay bystanders and health care professionals, the recommendations for child and adult CPR have been consolidated and simplified. To simplify age classifications, the new recommendations for lay rescuers classify persons as children ages one to eight years or adults older than eight years , whereas the recommendations for health care professionals classify persons as preadolescents ages one to 14 years or until the presence of secondary sex characteristics and adults.
It has been observed that lay rescuers often are unable to accurately determine whether circulation is present, and so may not provide chest compressions when they are needed. For this reason, lay rescuers are not asked to assess for signs of circulation before beginning chest compressions, nor are they expected to provide rescue breathing without chest compressions.
The new algorithm for adult basic life support Figure 1 recommends the following sequence when a rescuer finds an unresponsive person: 1 call for help and an AED if available ; 2 open the adult's airway, check for breathing, and give two breaths if he or she is not breathing; 3 start cycles of 30 compressions and two breaths compressions per minute ; 4 on arrival of a defibrillator or AED, check for a shockable rhythm ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia ; 5 give one shock if indicated , then resume CPR for another five cycles, or if no shock is indicated, continue another five cycles of CPR before rechecking the rhythm.
Health care professionals are to check for a pulse after the initial breaths step 2 and continue with one rescue breath every five or six seconds if there is a pulse, but this step is not recommended for lay rescuers. Algorithm for basic life support for adults.
Adapted with permission from American Heart Association. Circulation ; 24 suppl :IV The new algorithm emphasizes minimizing interruptions to chest compressions to maximize the benefits of compressions: shocks are to be given singly with immediate resumption of CPR rather than as stacked shocks; pulse checks are minimized; and when interventions such as medications or an advanced airway are needed, the emphasis is on minimizing interruptions to CPR ideally, 10 seconds or less.
Because the most common rhythm in witnessed cardiac arrest is ventricular fibrillation, the guidelines recommend adequate training of lay rescuers in AED use, adequate provision of AEDs in settings where sudden cardiac arrest may occur, and sending for and using an AED or defibrillator as soon as possible after a witnessed arrest. One notable exception is that for an unwitnessed arrest, health care professionals may provide five cycles of CPR before attempting defibrillation; this approach was shown to improve survival rates in two clinical studies.
It is thought that for a heart in prolonged fibrillatory arrest, these initial cycles of CPR may help by providing fresh blood flow to cardiac cells that have depleted their local supplies of oxygen and nutrients, thus increasing the likelihood of a stable rhythm following the defibrillatory shock. There are few changes to the recommendations for managing cardiac arrest beyond the initial stages of CPR.
Although there is no evidence that vasopressors or antiarrhythmics improve long-term survival rates, vasopressors have been shown to favor return of spontaneous circulation, and amiodarone Cordarone has been shown to improve survival rates prior to hospital admission. Thus, for persons who have pulseless electrical activity or asystole, or those in ventricular fibrillation who have not responded to an initial defibrillatory shock, intravenous IV or intraosseous IO access should be established as soon as possible.
Administration of epinephrine 1 mg IV or IO every three to five minutes is recommended for persons with pulseless electrical activity, asystole, or persistent ventricular fibrillation, and vasopressin Pitressin, 40 units IV or IO continues to be an option to replace the first or second dose of epinephrine.
Amiodarone and lidocaine Xylocaine are recommended as second-line therapies for persistent ventricular fibrillation. The lowest-priced item in unused and unworn condition with absolutely no signs of wear. The item may be missing the original packaging such as the original box or bag or tags or in the original packaging but not sealed. The item may be a factory second or a new, unused item with defects or irregularities. See details for description of any imperfections. It provides clear concise info and algorithms for ACLS in a compact form that can be carried anywhere.
This book is very helpful for anyone who is in the medical field, who needs a quick reference handling an emergency cardiovascular care. I bought this product to help with passing my ACLS course, and also to review the drugs given. I like that it is pocket-sized, and the pages can be wiped clean. Skip to main content. About this product. Make an offer:.
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